09 和辻への反論　

09 和辻への反論　(20150811)

 

和辻は次のように言う。

「我々は日常的に間柄的存在においてあるのである。しかもこの間柄的存在はすでに常識の立場において二つの視点から把捉せられている。一は間柄が個々の人々の「間」「仲」において形成せられるということである。この方面からは、間柄に先立ってそれを形成する個々の成員がなくてはならぬ。他は間柄を作る個々の成員が間柄自身からその成員として限定せられるということである。この方面から見れば、個々の成員に先立ってそれを規定する間柄がなくてはならない。この二つの関係は互いに矛盾する。」(和辻全集10巻、61)

 

ここで和辻は次の二つの関係が矛盾すると述べている。

①間柄は人々の間に形成されるので、間柄に先立って個々の成員が存在しなければならない。

②個々の成員は間柄からその成員として限定されるので、個々の成員に先立って間柄が存在しなければならない。

 

この分析は間違っているのではないだろうか。

この二つは、次の例の場合には、矛盾は成立しない。下線部が上の説明とことなるからだ。

①夫婦の間柄が成立するためには、結婚に先立って二人の人間が存在しなければならない。

②二人の人間は、結婚によって夫婦になるが、しかし、二人の存在に先立って、夫婦関係がなければならない、ということはない。

 

次の例の場合にも、事情は少し異なるが、矛盾は成立しない。下線部が上の説明とことなるからだ。

①兄弟の間柄成立するためには、兄弟関係の成立に先立って、二人の人間が存在しなければならない。

弟とが生まれることと兄弟関係が成立することは同時である。ゆえに、兄弟関係の成立に（時間的に）先立って、兄弟になる人間が存在しなければならないということは言えない。

②兄の方は、間柄から兄となるが、しかし個人として存在するに先立って、兄弟関係がなければならないとは言えない。つまり、兄となる前、つまり弟が誕生する前から、彼は存在している。

 

これに対して、和辻ならどう答えるのだろうか。

 

投稿者:

irieyukio

問答の哲学研究、ドイツ観念論研究、を専門にしています。 2019年3月に大阪大学を定年退職し、現在は名誉教授です。 香川県丸亀市生まれ、奈良市在住。

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